Imem-hØm \oXn
\ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Xoc-tZi P\X
HmwPn tPm¬
BtKmf
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-¯nsâ C¶s¯ Ah-Ø-bpsS apJy-Im-cWw A\n-b-{´n-X- am\p-jnI
{]hÀ¯-\-§-fmb t^mkn CÔ-\-§-fpsS I¯n-¡Â, d{^n-P-td-ä-dp-I-fnse hmX-I-§-fpsS
hÀ²-am-\-amb D]tbmKw, B[p-\nI ImÀjnI {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä F¶n-h-bm-sW¶v hnhn[ A´ÀtZ-iob
kwL-S-\-Ifpw GP³kn-Ifpw \S-¯nb \nc-h[n Kth-j-W-]-T-\-§Ä kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn
sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. `qan-bnse H«p-an¡
Pohn-hÀK-§fpw Bhmk hyh-Ø-Ifpw `q{]-tZ-i-§fpw Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w krjvSn-¡p¶
A`q-X-]qÀÆ-amb BLm-X-¯n\v Cc-bm-Ip-sa¶pw Cu ]T-\-§Ä D¯a t_m[y-t¯msS
{]h-Nn-¡p-¶p. F¶m Hcp {]tXyI {]tZ-i-t¯m,
Pohn-hÀK-¯n-tem, kaq-l-¯ntem Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w GXv coXn-bn {]I-S-amIpw F¶v
kpkv]-jvS-ambn {]h-Nn-¡m³ Cu ]T-\-§Ä¡v Ign-ªn-«nÃ; Bhmkhyh-Ø-I-fpsS k¦oÀW-Xbpw
hnhn[ Pohn-hÀK-§Ä¡v AXn-t·-epÅ B{i-b-Xz-¯nsâ sshhn-[y-X-bp-am-Wv CXn\v
Imc-Ww. Bhmkhyh-Ø, Pohn-hÀK-§Ä
F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v \S-t¡ ]¦m-fn¯
coXn-bn-epÅ Kth-j-W-§Ä¡pw {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡pw am{Xta Cu hnShv \nI-¯m\pw
Imem-h-Øm-hy-Xn-bm-\-¯nsâ hnime `qan-Isb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿m\pw Ign-bp-I-bp-Åp.
\ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Imem-hØm \oXn
Imem-hØm
\oXnsb \nÀÆ-Nn-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ am\-Z-WvU-§-fn sshhn-[y-ta-sd-bp-v. AXv ip²-amb Hcp ]mcn-Øn-XnI {]X-e-¯n \n¶v
XpS§n kaqÀ¯-amb Hcp `qan-imkv{X ]cn-k-c-¯nsâ kmaq-ln-I-þ-km-¼-¯nI hyh-Ø-bpsS
N«-¡q-Sn-te¡pw kmaqly AXn-Po-h-\w, kpØnc hnI-k-\w, enwK-\oXn XpS-§nb
am\-§-fn-te¡pw hfÀ¶p hnI-kn-¡p-¶p.
"t¥m_Â
PÌnkv Ct¡m-fPn tUm«v HmÀKv' F¶ sh_v tPWÂ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-¶p. ""Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\s¯
{]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m-\pÅ ASn-b-´n-c-amb {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS ASn-¯d
kmaq-ln-Im-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]cn-lm-c-§Ä Is-¯p-Ibpw {]mtZinI P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä,
BZn-hmkn kaq-l-§Ä, Zcn{Z P\-k-aq-l-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS kpØn-Xnbpw H¸w ssPh
sshhn-[yhpw kpL-Sn-X-amb ssPh Bhmk hyh-Øbpw \-ne\-nÀ¯p-Ibpw BsW¶ t_m[y-am-hWw.
CXt{X Imem-hØm \oXn-bpsS AI-s¸m-cpÄ. Imem-hØm \oXn F¶Xv, Hcp kpØnc kmaq-lnI
hyhØ sI«n-¸-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn \n¶v \s½ XS-bp¶ \h DZm-co-I-c-W, tImÀ¸-tdäv k¼Zv
hyh-Øsb X¨p-S-bv¡m³ Ign-bp-¶n-sÃ-¦n Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\s¯ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m³ \½p¡v
Ign-bp-I-bnà F¶ a\-Ên-em-¡-em-Wv.
tImÀ¸-tdäv BtKm-fo-I-c-Ws¯ F´v hne-sIm-Sp¯pw XS-bpI F¶ Ah t_m[-am-W-Xv.''1
sFIy-cmjv{S
k`-bpsS Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-¯n-t·-epÅ s{^bnw-hÀ¡v I¬h³jsâ (YNFCCC) Bdmw kt½-f\ (COP
6) ¯n\v
kam´c-ambn cm-bn-cm-am-n s\XÀemâvknse tlKn kwL-Sn-¸n¨ BZys¯ Imem-hØm \oXn
D¨-tImSn C§s\ {]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶p, ""Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w Ah-Im-i§-fp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« Hcp {]iv\-am-sW¶v R§Ä {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p.
AXv \½psS sXmgn-en-s\bpw Btcm-Ky-s¯bpw Ipªp-§-sfbpw {]IrXn hn`-h-§-sfbpw
{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶p. Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm-\-s¯bpw AXnsâ hnhn-[-§-fmb BLm-X-§-sfbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kpØnc
hnI-k\w \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw cmjv{S-§Ä¡pw AXnÀ¯n-IÄ¡pw
AXo-X-amb Hcp hnime kJyw R§Ä sI«n-¸-Sp-¡pw.''2
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v kphy-à-amb Hcp
Znim-t_m[w \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw {Inbm-ß-I-amb IÀ½]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Bkq-{XWw sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw taÂ
{]kvXm-hn¨ \nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä klm-b-I-am-Ipw.
Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm\w Hcp hnlK ho£Ww
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\hpw Imem-hØm
A\n-Ýn-X-Xzhpw C¶v Hcp BtKmf bmYmÀ°y-am-W-A.
2050þHmsS BtKmf k¼-¯nsâ GI-tZiw 7 {SnÃy¬ tUmfÀ Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-¯nsâ
^e-ambn \jvS-am-Ip-sa¶v Kth-j-IÀ ap¶-dn-bn¸v \ÂIp¶p; lcn-X-Kr-l-hm-X-I-§-fpsS DZvK-a-\-¯n\v
XS-bn-Sm³ \S-]-Sn-IÄ ssIs¡m-Åp-¶n-sÃ-¦n BtKmf k¼Zv hfÀ¨-bpsS 20% CSnhv kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wn-Xv. F¶m lcn-X-Kr-l-hm-X-I-§sf \nb-{´n-¡m-\m-bmÂ
CXv 350 _nÃy¬ tUmfÀ Bbn ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp¯mw; AXm-bXv Pn.-Un.-]n.-bpsS Hcp iX-am\w
am{Xw.3
tem-I-¯nse CXc {]tZi§-fn \n¶v C´y-bnse
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-¯nsâ ØnXnbpw `n¶-a-Ã.
Cu \qäm-nsâ Ah-km-\-t¯msS C´y-bnse Xm]-\n-e-bn 3þ4 skân-t{K-Unsâ
hÀ²-\hv Dm-tb-¡mw. 2080þHmsS \½psS
D]-`q-J-WvU-¯n hmÀjnI hÀj-]m-X-¯n 7 apX 10 iX-am\w hsc t\cnb hÀ²-\hv
{]Xo-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. C´y-bn Ime-hÀjw
XpS-§p¶ ka-b-¯nepw `mhn-bn A\n-Ýn-XXzw Dm-Imw.4
tIc-fs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw IrXy-amb imkv{Xob
]T-\-§-fpsS A`m-h-am-Wv Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\hpw Imem-h-Ø-bn-ep-m-Ip¶
A\n-Ýn-X-Xzhpw ChnsS krjvSn-¡p¶ BLm-Xs¯ hyà-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn\v
hne-§p-X-Sn-bmbn \n¡p-¶-Xv. kwØm\
Imem-hØm \nÀWb hIp-¸nsâ ØnXn hnh-c-¡-W¡v {]Imcw
C¡-gnª Iptd hÀj-§-fmbn ag-s]-bvX-Xnsâ kz`m-h-¯n A\n-Ýn-XXzw ImWm³
Ign-ªn-«p-v. 2002 (37.7% Ipd-hv), 2004
(36.7% Ipd-hv) F¶o hÀj-§-fn tIc-f-¯n Ime-hÀjw Ipd-hm-bn-cp¶p F¶mWv
IW-¡v. Cu hÀj§fn `qKÀ`-P-e-t{km-X-Êp-IÄ
häp-Ibpw X·qew kwØm-\¯v DS \ofw ISp¯ hcĨ A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ignª 43 hÀj-¯n-\n-S-bnÂ, tIc-f-¯n A\p-`hs¸«
NqSnsâ hÀ²-\hv Gähpw IqSnb \nc¡v 0.8 skân-t{KUpw Ipd-ªXv 0.2 skân-t{KUpw icm-icn 0.5 skân-t{KUpw
Bbn-cp-s¶¶v C´y³ Imem-hØm {]h-N\ hn`mKw (IMD) tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. 5
Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm-\hpw Xoc-tZi P\-k-aq-lhpw-þ-\n-e-hn-epÅ ]T-\-§Ä
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ NÀ¨-I-fnÂ
GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯n _Ô-s¸-Sp-Itbm kwkm-cn-¡p-Itbm sN¿p¶ \nc-h[n t]cp-s-¦nepw,
FÃm-hcpw ]d-bp-t¼mse Gähpw ISp¯ BLmXw GÂt¡-n-h-cp¶ Xoc-tZi P\-k-aqlw Cu
tImem-l-e-§sf ¡pdn-s¨m¶pw H«pw Xs¶ t_m[-hm-·m-cà F¶v
\nco-£n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-v. Nne {]mY-anI
{ia-§Ä Hgn-¨mÂ, Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Xoc-tZi P\-X-bpsS ImgvN-¸m-Sv,
AXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m-\pÅ Ah-cpsS A\p-`-h-Úm-\w, ]c-¼-cm-KX Adn-hp-IÄ F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-s¨m¶pw
Hcp ]T-\hpw Ct¶-hsc \S-¶n-«n-Ã.
"Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\hpw aÕy-ta-J-ebpw' F¶ hnj-b-s¯-¡p-dn¨v kpa\
\mcm-b-¬ Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-¯n C{]-Imcw \nco-£n-¡p¶p:""2011þÂ
aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-Isf klm-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v thn-bpÅ A´ÀtZ-iob Iq«mbva (ICSF – International
Collective in support of Fish workers)6 F¶ kwL-S\ \S-¯nb C¯-c-¯n-epÅ Hcp ]T\w
aÕy-_-Ô\ taJ-e-bn-ep-Å-hÀ¡v Ah-cpsS Poh\pw Poh-t\m-]m-[n-IÄ¡pw ta Imem-hØm
amä-¯n-sâ kzm[o-\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ Ah-t_m[w hne-bn-cp-¯p-I-bp-m-bn. Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-¯n-\pÅ X¿m-sd-Sp-¸v,
aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn kaq-l-§Ä Imem-hØm amä-§-fp-ambn H¯p-t]m-Im\pw Cu amä-¯nsâ
BLm-X-§Ä eLq-I-cn-¡m-\p-ambn kzoI-cn-t¡n ht¶-¡m-hp¶ amÀ¤-§Ä Xncn-¨-dn-bÂ,
Ch-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« A-dn-hv, Øm]-\-§Ä, aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS ioe§Ä F¶n-h-sbÃmw
Cu ]T\w hni-I-e\w sN¿p-¶p. Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ]c-¼-cm-KX aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn kaq-l-§-fpsS Poh\pw
sXmgnepw kwc-£n-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ hnhn[ Xe-§-fn ssIs¡m-n-«pÅ \b-§fpw IÀ½
]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw ]T\w hni-I-e\ hnt[-b-am-¡p-¶p.
C´y-bnse \mev kwØm-\-§-fn-emWv Cu ]T\w \S-¶Xv þ Hmtcm Xoc¯pw cv hoXw. ]Sn-ªm-d³ Xoc¯v alm-cm-jv{S, tIcfw; Ing-¡³
Xoc¯v B{Ôm-{]-tZ-iv, ]Ýn-a-_w-KmÄ F¶o kwØm-\-§-fnse Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« Øe-§-fnÂ
aÕy-_-Ô\ taJ-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« apJy ]¦m-fn-I-fp-ambn Cu ]T-\-¯nsâ `mK-ambn
IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-IÄ \S-¯n.'' 7
Cu {]iv\-¯nsâ Kpcp-X-cm-h-Øbpw hym]vXnbpw
IW-¡n-se-Sp¯pw Imem-h-Øm-hy-Xn-bm\w kap{Z aÕy-ta-J-e-sbbpw kap{Z `£y
kpc-£-tbbpw aÕy-s¯m-gn-en-s\bpw F§s\
_m[n-¡p¶p F¶v a\-kn-em-¡p-¶-Xn\pw sk³{S assd³ ^nj-dokv dntkÀ¨v C³Ìn-äyq«v (CMFRI),
“Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w C´y³ kap{Z aÕy taJ-e-bnÂ
krjvSn-¡p¶ BLmXw” F¶ t]cn Hcp {][m\ ICAR s\ävhÀ¡v ]²Xn
XpS-§p-I-bp-m-bn. ""Cu
]²-Xn-bpsS {]mY-anI \nK-a-\-§Ä {]Imcw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn hwi-hÀ²-\hv \S-¯p¶ aÕy
C\-§-fmWv Xm]-\n-e-bn-epÅ hyXym-k-§-tfmSv {ZpX-K-Xn-bn {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v IS Xm]-\n-e-bnse
hÀ²-\-hn-t\mSv s\bva-¯n-bpsS hym]\w {]I-S-amb coXn-bn {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn
\nco-£n-¨n-«p-v. D¯c A£mw-i¯nÂs¸-Sp¶
IS-ensâ Dujvamhv IqSp-¶-X-\p-k-cn-¨v, s]mXpsh Z£nW taJ-e-bn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ aÕy
C\-amb s\bva-¯n, Ahn-tS¡v ]em-b\w sNbvXv
]pXn-sbmcp taJe krjvSn-s¨Sp¡p-¶p. CXv C´y-bpsS hS¡v ]Sn-ªm-dv, hS¡v Ing¡v
Xoc-§-fnse aÕy-ta-J-esb KpW]-c-ambn _m[n-¨n-«p-v.''8
Kth-jW taJ-e-bnse Cu sNdnb {ia-
Xoc-tZi
P\-X-bpsS ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-¯nsâ BLm-X-§Ä t\cn«v
A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ {][m-\-ambpw kaq-l-¯nsâ Hmc-§-fn Pohn-¡p-¶-hcpw PohnX
kuI-cy-§Ä Xptemw Ipd-ª-hcpw Bbn-cn-¡p-sa¶v A´ÀtZ-iob Kth-j-W-§Ä \nco-£n-¡p¶p;
IÀj-IÀ, Xoc-tZi P\-k-aq-l-§Ä, tNcn-\n-hm-kn-IÄ, BZn-hm-kn-IÄ, Zen-XÀ, Cu
P\-hn-`m-K-§-fnÂs¸-Sp¶ kv{XoIfpw Ip«n-Ifpw F¶n-h-cmWv AhÀ. Imem-hØm amä-¯nsâ BLm-X-§sf
{]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m-\pÅ GXv ]²-Xnbpw X{´-§fpw Cu P\-hn-`m-K-§-fpsS i_vZ-¯n\v
ImtXmÀt¡Xpv; \nÀ`m-Ky-h-im an¡
kµÀ`-§-fnepw CXv Hcp {]mtbm-KnI amÀK-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-Sm-dn-Ã. kaqÀ¯hpw {]mtZ-inI khn-ti-j-X-IÄ IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡p-¶-Xp-amb
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨ Hcp imkv{Xob \b-tcJ t]mepw tIc-f-¯n-\nÃ; \b-tcJ F¶-t]-cn DÅXp
Xs¶ ISw-sIm DÅ-S-¡-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb H¶m-Wv.
56
hb-kpÅ KtW-i³ tImgn-t¡m-Sn-\-Sp-¯pÅ sImbn-emn Xoc-tZi {Kma-¯nse Hcp
aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-bm-Wv, H¼-Xm-as¯ hb-kp- ap-X aÕy-_-Ô\ sXmgn-en GÀs¸-«p-h-cp¶
hyàn-bm-Wv. Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v tNmZn-¨-t¸mÄ Imcy-amb Xmev]-cy-sam¶pw
At±-l-¯n In-Ã. kXy-¯nÂ, B hm¡v Xs¶ At±-l-¯n\v A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-¶p. IqSp-XÂ
At\z-jn-¨-t¸mÄ Ignª 25 hÀj-¯n-\nsS IS-en {]I-S-amb Nne amä-§Ä ImWm³
Ign-ªn-«p-s¶v At±lw k½-Xn-¨p. aps¼ms¡ X§-fpsS Imc-W-h-·mÀ¡v \£-{X-§-fpsS
Øm\hpw BIm-i-¯nse Nne amä-§fpw \nco-£n¨v IrXy-ambn Imem-h-Ø-bn-ep-m-Ip¶ amä-§Ä
{]h-Nn-¡p-hm\pw IS-en t]mIp-¶-hÀ¡v ap¶-dn-bn¸v \ÂIp-hm\pw Ign-ªn-cp-s¶¶v KtW-i³
]d-ªp. A¡m-e-§-fn Imem-h-Ø-bnse amä-§Ä {]h-Nn-¡m-hp-¶Xpw
kpØn-c-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. Ignª Iptd hÀj-§-fmbn Cu AhØ amdn-a-dn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.
aÕy-k-¼-¯nsâ \mi-¯n\pw Ipd-hn\pw Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w Imc-W-am-Ip-¶-Xmbn KtW-i³
Icp-Xp-¶nÃ; CtX {Kma-¯nse aäv cv aÕy-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fmb hÕ³, apcp-I³
F¶n-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-bhpw CXp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. adn-¨v, IpSp-X BÄ¡mÀ IqSp-X bm\-§Ä
D]-tbm-Kn¨v A\n-b-{´n-Xhpw Aan-X-hp-ambn aÕy-_-Ô\w \S-¯p-¶-XmWv aÕy-k-¼-¯nsâ
Ipd-hn\v Imc-W-sa¶v ChÀ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. ap³Im-e-§-fn ]Xn-s\t«m Ccp-]tXm t]À
sNdnb hf-f-§-fn ao³ ]nSn-¨n-cp-¶n-S-¯v, C¶v Aan-X-amb atÕym¸m-Z\w e£y-an«v
60þÂ IqSp-XÂ BÄ¡mÀ b{´-h-Xv¡rX t{SmfnwKv t_m«p-Ifpw he-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v aÕy-_-Ô\w
\S-¯p-¶p. hymh-km-bnI amen-\y-§Ä, I¸-ep-I-fn \n¶v ITn\ hnj-apÅ cmk kwbp-à-§Ä
AS-§nb amen-\y-§Ä F¶nh IS-en XÅp-¶Xpw Xpd-ap-J-§Ä, t]mÀ«p-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS
\nÀ½m-Whpw XXv^-e-ambn Xoc-¯n\pw Xoc-¡-S-en\pw Dm-Ip¶ \mihpw FÃmw
hn`-h-tim-j-W-¯n\pw aÕy-§-fpsS ]mem-b-\-¯n\pw Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p.
CtX
{Kma-¯n \n¶v Xs¶-bpÅ 77 Imc³ {io[-csâ A`n-{]m-b-¯n Ignª cv Zi-I-§-fmbn
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w aqew IS-enepw Xoc¯pw Dm-bn-«pÅ amä-§Ä aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ
A{X Kuc-h-t¯msS In-cp-¶nà F¶mWv; ssZ\w-Zn-\-apÅ km[m-cW {]Xn-`m-k-§-fm-bmWv
AhÀ CXns\ kao-]n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. I\¯ ag, sImSp-¦m-äp-IÄ, Xocs¯ as®m-en¸v XpS-§n-bh
km[m-cW kw`-h-§-fm-sW¶pw X§-fpsS ]c-¼-cm-K-X-amb Adn-hp-Ifpw amÀ¤-§fpw
D]-tbm-Kn¨v Ahsb t\cn-Sm-\m-hp-sa¶pw AhÀ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ
A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ, hn`-h-tim-j-W-¯nsâ {][m\ ImcWw cm{Xn Ime-§-fn \S-¡p¶
A\n-b-{´n-Xhpw Aan-X-hp-amb aÕy-_-Ô-\-am-Wv. ap³Im-e-§-fn ]peÀs¨ XpS-§p¶
aÕy-_-Ô\ {]hr-¯n-IÄ kqcym-kvX-a-b-¯n\v ap¼m-bn-¯s¶ Ah-km-\n-¨n-cp-¶p. F¶m C¶s¯ ]Xnhv hn]p-e-amb cm{Xn-Ime
aÕy-_-Ô-\-am-Wv. Hcp Xos¸-«n-s¡mÅn Dc-bv¡p-¶-Xp-t]mepw aÕy-§Ä Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw
A]-ISw ap³Iv DS-\Sn c£-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-sa¶v {io[-c³ \nco-£n-¡p-¶p. Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm\w hn`-h-tim-j-W-¯n\v Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v Xd-¸n¨p ]d-bm³ At±lw X¿m-d-Ã.
hÕ³
Cu hnj-bs¯ hyXy-kvX-amb Xe-¯n-emWv kao-]n-¡p-¶-Xv. Ignª GXm\pw Zi-I-§-fmbn
Xoc¯pw IS-en-epw, Imem-h-Ø-bn-ep-m-bn-«pÅ amä-§-fpsS {]Xn-^-e-\-§Ä {]I-S-am-sW¶v
At±lw Icp-Xp-¶p. IS Xm]-\n-e-bn-ep-m-bn-«pÅ hÀ²-\hv aÕy-§Ä aän-S-§-fn-tet¡m
IS-ensâ ASn-¯-«n-tet¡m Iq«-¸m-em-b\w \S-¯m³ Imc-W-am-bn-«p-m-Imw. CsXm-gn-¨mÂ,
aÕy-hn-`-h-tim-j-W-¯n\v atä-sX-¦nepw Imem-hØm LS-I-§Ä Imc-W-am-bn-«p-s¶v At±lw
Icp-Xp-¶n-Ã. hn`-h-tim-j-W-¯nsâ {][m\ Imc-W-§Ä Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb aÕy-_-Ô\
coXn-IÄ, hymh-km-bnI amen-\y-§Ä, I¸-ep-IÄ ]pd-´-Åp¶ amen-\y-§Ä F¶nh krjvSn-¡p¶
IS-ense aen-\o-I-c-Ww, XpS-§n-b-h-bm-sW¶v hÕ³ ]d-bp-¶p. IS-en-te¡v ]pd-´-Åp¶
ISp¯ hnjmw-i-apÅ cmk-am-en-\y-§Ä IS¯-«nsâ Bhmkhyh-Ø-sbbpw aÕy-§-sfbpw aäv Pohn
hÀ¤-§-sfbpw \in-¸n-¡p-¶p.
2007
þÂ CMFRI
XpS-§n-sh¨, ""Xoc-k-ap{Z ]cn-Øn-Xn-bnepw aÕy-hn-`-h-ta-J-e-bnepw
a\pjy {]hÀ¯\-§Ä krjvSn-¡p¶ BLmXw'' F¶ ]T\ ]²-Xnbpw \K-c- KmÀlnI amen-\y-§Ä,
hymh-km-bnI amen-\y-§Ä, a®v am´Â, Xpd-apJ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä, I¸Â s]mfn-¡Â, ¹mÌn¡v
amen-\yw, F®-Ie-cÂ, teme kap{Z Bhmk hyh-Ø-bpsS \miw F¶n-h-sbÃmw
kap-{Z-]-cn-Øn-Xn-bnepw Xoc-tZi aÕy-ta-J-e-bnepw krjvSn-¡p¶ BLm-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨v
ASn-h-cbnSp-¶p-v. am\pjnI {]hÀ¯-\-§-fmb \mK-cnI hnI-k-\w, A]-I-S-I-ctam
hnj-a-btam Bb ]ZmÀ°-§Ä IS-en XÅp-¶-Xv, Bhm-k-hy-hØ \in-¸n-¡Â, Xoc-tZi aÕy-Irjn
XpS-§n-b-h-sbÃmw temI-sa-¼mSpw Xoc-k-ap{Z Bhm-k-hy-h-Ø-Isf ISp¯
k½À±-¯n-em-¡p-¶p-v.9
2007
þÂ CMFRI bpsS
t\Xr-Xz-¯n \S¶ asämcp ]T-\w, ""sNdp s]em-PnIv aÕy-§-fpsS ta Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm\w krjvSn-¡p¶ BLmXw'' s]em-PnIv aÕy-§-fpsS IpSn-tb-ä-s¯-¡p-dn¨v
hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp Nn{X-amWv \ÂIp-¶-Xv.
C´y³ kap-{Z-ta-J-e-bn I¨-hS {]m[m-\y-apÅ Nne s]em-PnIv aÕy-§-fpsS
Dev]m-Z-\-s¯bpw hnX-c-W-s¯bpw Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w amän adn¨n«p-s¶v Cu ]T\w
Ønco-I-cn-¡p-¶p. Ncn{X]c-ambn a¯n, Abe
XpS-§nb aÕy-§-fpsS hym]\w C´y-bpsS sX¡v ]Sn-ªm-d³ Xoc-ta-Je (80þ160 D¯c
A£mw-i-tc-J) bmb ae-_mÀ Xoc¯v am{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. F¶m 1989 apX Cu
cv aÕyC\-§-fpsS hym]-\-¯n kphy-à-amb Hcp amäw {]I-S-am-Wv. s\bva¯n C´y-bpsS
sX¡v Ing-¡³ Xoc-s¯bpw Abe sX¡p- ]-Sn-ªm-d³ Xoc-t¯bpw {][m\ aÕy-hn-`-h-§-fm-Wv.
aäv DjvW taJe s]em-PnIv aÕy C\-§-sf-t]mse Xs¶, Cu cv aÕy C\-§-fpsS Iq«-§fpw
s]mSp-¶s\ CÃm-Xm-hp-Ibpw hopw {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ {]h-WX Ip-h-¶n-«p-v.
ISÂ Xm]-\n-e-bn-ep-m-Ip¶ A\n-Ýn-X-amb Gän-d-¡-§-fmWv Cu {]Xn-`m-k-¯nsâ
Imc-W-ambn ]T\w Is-¯n-b-Xv. CtXm-sSm¸w
FÂ \nt\m/em \n\m {]hm-l-§-fpsS kzm[o-\hpw Cu aÕy C\-§-fpsS Ahy-h-Øn-X-amb
]mem-b-\-¯n\v Imc-W-am-bn-«p-s¶pw ]T\w \nco-£n-¡p-¶p. 10
]mc-¼-cm-K-Xhpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb Adn-hp-IÄ X½n-epÅ hnShv
Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm\w IS-enepw Xoc¯pw aÕy-hn-`-h-§-fpsS taepw BLmXw krjvSn-¡p-¶p-s-¶-Xn\v
A´ÀtZ-iob Xe-¯n \S-¶n-«pÅ \nc-h[n ]T-\-§Ä hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ
apt¶m«p h¨n-«p-v. kap-t{Zm-]-cn-Xe Xm]-\n-e-bpsS hÀ²-\-hv, IS \nc¸v Db-cÂ,
ISÂ shÅ-¯nsâ eh-Wmwiw IqSn-b-Xv, aÕy-hn-`-h-§-fpsS IpSn-tb-äw, sImSp-¦m-äp-IÄ
IqSn-b-Xv, Xoc-tZi shÅ-s¸m-¡w, Xocs¯ as®m-en¸v XpS-§nb \nc-h[n
{]Xn-`m-k-§-fn-eqsS Ch hni-Zo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. sFIy-cmjv{Sk`-bpsS CâÀ Kh¬saâÂ
]m\Â Hm¬ ss¢aäv tN©v (IPCC) ]pd-¯n-d-¡nb
"\b-cq-]o-I-cW IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡v thn-bpÅ amÀK-tcJ' Cu BLm-X-§-fpsS
ImTn-\y-s¯-¡p-dn¨v A\n-tj-[y-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ \ÂIp-¶p-v. ""ISÂ Xm]-\ne
Db-cp-¶-Xp-aqew IS shÅ-¯nse HmIvkn-Psâ Afhv Ipd-bp-¶-Xn\pw A¾-h¡-cWw
Xzcn-X-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\pw CS-bm-¡p-Ibpw CXv kap-{Z-Po-hn-IÄ¡v A]-IS-I-c-amb AhØ
krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. ]hn-g-¸p-äp-IÄ, {Zph-{]-tZ-i-§-fnse Bhm-k-hy-h-Ø-IÄ
F¶n-h-sb-bmWv CXv Gä-hp-a-[nIw _m[n-¡p-I. Xoc Bhmk hyh-Ø, Xmgv¶ CS-§Ä XpS-§n-bh
IS \nc¸v Db-cp-¶Xv aqew A]-I-Sm-h-Ø-bn-emWv; BtKm-f-X-e-¯n Xm]-\ne
\nb-{´n-¡-s¸-«mepw Cu taJ-e-bnse BLmXw \qäm-p-I-tfmfw XpS-cp-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw.
aÕy-§fpw aäv kap{Z Pohn-Ifpw Ah-bpsS Bhmk taJ-e-bn \n¶v aän-S-§-fn-te¡v
]mem-b\w sN¿pw. Bgw Ipdª IS-ense aÕy C\-§Ä Bgw IqSnb IS-en-te¡v IpSn-tb-dpw.
DjvW-ta-J-e-bnse ISÂ Pohn-IÄ¡v {]mtZ-in-I-amb \miw kw`-hn-¡pw. CXv aÕy
hn`htim-j-W-¯n-te¡pw XXv^-e-am-bp-m-Ip¶ sXmgn þ hcp-am\ \jvS-¯n-te¡pw
hgn-sX-fn-¡pw. kap{Z Pe-¯nsâ A¾-h¡-cWw kap{Z Bhmk hyh-Øbv¡v {]tXy-In¨v {[ph
{]tZ-i-§Ä, ]hn-g-¸p-äp-IÄ, F¶n-hbv¡v ISp¯ shÃp-hn-fn-bmWv DbÀ¯p-¶-Xv.''11
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w krjvSn-¡p¶ {]iv\w, AXns\ t\cn-Sm-\pÅ
Bkq-{X-Ww, ]²-Xn-I-fpsS \S-¯n¸v F¶nh a\-Ên-em-¡m³ XS-Ê-ambn \n¡p¶ hyXy-kvX-amb
ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ X½n-epÅ Hcp henb hnShv Cu taJ-e-bn \ne-\n¡p-¶p-v. ImÀjnI taJ-e-bntem CXc taJ-e-I-fntem F¶-t]mse
aÕy-ta-J-e-bnepw Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w krjvSn-¡p¶ BLmXw {]tXy-I-ambn FSp¯v
]Tn-¡m-hp-¶-XÃ; ImcWw aäv \nc-h[n LS-I-§fpw CXns\ kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶p-v. Cu hnShv
\nI-¯p-¶-Xn\v Hcp ITn\ {iaw Xs¶ Bh-iy-am-Wv.
Cu taJ-e-bn ASn-b-´n-c-ambn Kuc-h-X-c-amb ]T-\-§Ä¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-t¡-Xv
imkv{X-k-aq-l-¯nsâ D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-am-Wv. Cu {ias¯ kpL-Sn-X-amb Hcp \b-tc-J-bpsS
]n³_-e-t¯msS kÀ¡mÀ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä klm-bn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. \nÀ`m-Ky-h-imÂ,
C¯-c-sam-cp kml-N-cys¯ t\cn-Sm-\m-h-iy-amb cmjv{Sob CÑm-iàn tIcfw CXp-hsc {]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-«n-Ã.
hnh-c-§-fpsS e`y-X-bn-Ãmbva
C´y-bnse
km[m-cW P\-§Ä¡v Imem-h-Ø-bn-ep-m-Ip¶ amä-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v hnh-c-§Ä e`y-am-Im-\pÅ
Htcsbmcp t{kmXkv kÀ¡m-dnsâ Imem-hØm hn`mKw Znh-tk\ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p¶ Imem-hØm
{]h-N\w am{X-am-Wv. Zn\-]-{X-§Ä, tdUn-tbm, sSen-hn-j³ F¶n-h-bn-eqsS AXv
e`y-am-Ip-¶p. ]s£, Cu {]h-N-\-§Ä ]e-t¸mgpw IrXy-X-bn-Ãm-¯Xpw sXämb hnh-c-§Ä
\ÂIp-¶-Xp-am-sW¶ Bt£-]-ap-v. Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hnh-c-hn-\n-abw
\S-¯pI F¶Xv k¦oÀ®-am-sbmcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. Imem-h-Øm-am-ä-s¯-¡p-dn¨v \mw hmbn-¡p-¶Xn\pw
tIÄ¡p-¶Xn\p-saÃmw imkv{Xo-b-amb HutZym-KnI Ønco-I-cWw e`y-am-tI--Xp-v.
Imem-hØm imkv{X-Im-c-·mÀ ]e-t¸mgpw "F¦nÂ, ]t£' F¶n-§s\ kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv
tIÄ¡mw; CXn\v ImcWw Ah-cpsS ap³[m-cW {]Im-c-apÅ \nK-a-\-§Ä Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm-\-¯nsâ A\-´c ^e-§-fp-ambn kwi-b-te-i-sas\y _Ôn-¸n-¡m³ ]e-t¸mgpw AhÀ¡v
Ign-bm-dnà F¶-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. Cub-Sp¯ Ime-§-fn-embn cq£-amb Nne Imem-hØm
{]Xn-`m-k-§Ä Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\w-aqew Dm-b-Xmhmw F¶v {]kvXm-hn-¡m³ imkv{X-RvPÀ
ss[cy-s¸-«n-«p-v.
C´y-bnse
{]mtZ-inI `mjm-am-[y-a-§Ä Imem-hØm {]iv\-§Ä¡v th{X {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡m-¯-Xn\v- Im-cWw
hmb-\-¡m-cpsS Xmev]-cy-¡p-d-h-Ã, {]XypX ]cn-io-e\w kn²n¨ kb³kv tPW-en-Ìp-I-fpsS
Ipdhpw am[y-a-§-fpsS I¨-hS Xmev]-cy-§-fp-am-sW¶v Nne am[ya hni-I-e-\-¡mÀ
Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p.
^nj-dokv
hIp-¸nsâ Hm^o-kp-IÄ Ah-bpsS t\m«okv t_mÀUp-I-fn-eqsS Imem-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨pw
Imem-h-Ø-bn-ep-m-Im-\n-S-bpÅ amä-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Nne hnh-c-§Ä CS-¡nsS
\¡m-dp-s¶v aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ ]d-bp-¶p.
F¶m Cu hnh-c-§-sf-Ãmw-Xs¶ ssZ\w-Zn-\m-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-epÅ Nne
ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-Ifpw Pm{KXm \nÀt±-i-§fpw am{X-ambn ]cna-nXs¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p; Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hnZ-Kv[tcm imkv{XÚtcm \evIp¶ imkv{Xo-bhpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hp-amb
hnh-c-§Ä Hcn-¡epw e`y-am-Im-dn-Ã.
Imem-hØm hyXn-bm-\s¯ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw BLmXw Ign-bp-¶{X
Ipd-¡p-¶-Xn\pw AXp-ambn s]mcp-¯-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\pw Xoc-tZi P\-k-aq-l-§sf kÖ-cm-¡m³
klm-bn-¡p¶ t_m[-h-Xv¡-cW {]hÀ¯-\-§tfm ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Itfm kwL-Sn-¸n-¡m³
kÀ¡mÀ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä ap³ssI FSp-¡p-¶n-Ã. P\-§sf Imem-Im-e-§-tfmfw AÚ-X-bnÂ
Xf-¨n-Sp-¶-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wn-Xv. Cu Ah-K-W-\-bpsS Zpc-´-^ew BcmWv
t]td-n-h-cp-¶-Xv? hnh-c-§-fpsS IrXy-amb e`y-Xbpw Imcy-£-a-amb hn\n-a-bhpw
\ntj-[n-¡-s¸-«m AXp \nÝ-b-ambpw \oXn-bp-am-bn, Cu khn-tij kml-N-cy-¯nÂ
Imem-hØm \oXn-bp-am-bn, _Ô-s¸« {]iv\-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-S-Ww.
Zpc-´m-\-´c hnI-k\ ImgvN-¸mSv
Zpc´
apX-em-fn-¯-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ \thman s¢bn-\nsâ AXn-ivI-X-amb cN-\-bm-Wv "Z
tjm¡v tUmIv{Sn³'. {]kvXpX {KÙ-¯nÂ, I{Xo\
Npg-en-s¡m-Sp-¦m-än-\v -ti-j-apÅ \yq HmÀen-b³kv, kp\m-an¡v tij-apÅ Z£n-tWjy
F¶n-hn-S-§-fnse `qhn-\n-tbm-K-¯nsâ hnNn-{X-amb Hcp tcJm-Nn{Xw AhÀ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v.
""2004 se kÀÆ-kw-lm-cnbmb kp\m-an¡v tijw Ipd¨p amk-§Ä¡p-Ån Rm³
{ioe¦-bn-eqsS bm{X sN¿p-I-bp-mbn. Ahn-sSbpw kam\amb I]-S-X-{´-¯nsâ asämcp hiw
F\n¡v ImWm³ Ignªp: hntZi \nt£-]-Icpw A´ÀtZ-iob ISw sImSp-¸p-Imcpw kwLw tNÀ¶v
AhnsS \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ `oXn-bpsS A´-co-£s¯ apX-se-Sp¯v at\m-l-c-amb B
Xoc-`q-an-sbm-«msI ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw henb dntkmÀ«p-Ifpw aäpw
\nÀ½n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ]pXnb kwcw-`-IÀ¡v ssIam-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v
aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ XIÀ¶-Snª X§-fpsS {Kma-§sf ]p\À\nÀ½n-¡m³ \S-¯nb {ia§Ä XSp-¯p-sIm-mWv
CXv kw`-hn-¨-Xv.''12
Be-¸p-g-bpsS
30 Intem-ao-äÀ hS¡v ØnXn sN¿p¶ AÀ¯p-¦Â {Kma-¯nse aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn kaqlw Hcp
sFXn-lm-knI ka-c-¯n-eqsS Sqdnkw hnI-k-\-¯nsâ t]cn X§-fpsS sXmgn-en-S-amb
Xoc-t¯¡pÅ {]th-i\w \ntj-[n¨ Hcp dntkmÀ«v kwcw-`s¯ sNdp¯p tXmÂ]n-¡p-I-bp-m-bn.
2010  tIcf kzX{´ aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn s^U-td-jsâ AÀ¯p-¦Â bqWn-änsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-emWv
Cu t]mcm«w \S-¶-Xv. kv{XoIfpw Ip«n-I-fp-a-S¡w \qdp-I-W-¡n\v t]cmWv Cu ka-c-¯nÂ
]s¦-Sp-¯-Xv. AÀ¯p-¦-ensâ A\p-`hw Hä-s¸-«-X-Ã. Zpc-´hpw Zpc-´m-\-´c hnI-k-\hpw
Xoc-tZ-i-¯n-sâbpw Ahn-Sps¯ P\-§-fpsS sXmgn-en-sâbpw IS-¡Â Xs¶
I¯n-sh-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p F¶-Xn\v \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-§Ä Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡m³ Ign-bpw.
aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ, dntkmÀ«v DS-a-IÄ, DuÀÖnX Irjn hyh-km-bw, ]hÀ ¹mâp-IÄ F¶n-h-sbÃmw Xoc-`q-an-bpsS DS-a-Ø-X-¡p-thn
aÕ-cn-¡p¶ ImgvN-bmWv C¶p-Å-Xv. Aaq-ey-amb Cu `q{]-tZiw ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ
{ia-¯n Gsd kzm[o\ iàn-bp-Å-hÀ hnP-bn-¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWmw. Agn-aXn AXnsâ
]mcay-¯n-se-¯n-\n¡p¶ Hcp cmPy¯v `c-W-Iq-S-§Ä¡p-tase kzm[o\iàn Ipd-hpÅ
aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn kaqlw ]e-t¸mgpw Cu aÕ-c-¯n tXmäp-t]m-Ip-¶p. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ,
kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS \ne-]mSv hyà-amWv; ]c-¼-cm-KX aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn kaq-l-¯nsâ
Bh-iy-§Ä¡p-t\sc ]pdw-Xn-cnªp \n¡p-Ibpw \h-hn-]-Wn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb
kwcw-`-§Ä¡v hnI-I-k-\-¯nsâ t]cn Xoc-{]-tZiw Xpd-¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶-X-t{X.
kmh-[m-\hpw X{´-]-c-hp-am-bmWv Icp-¡Ä \o¡p-¶-Xv. BZy-amZyw
sXmgn-en-S-§-fn-te-¡pÅ t{]h-i\w \ntj-[n-¡p-Ibpw sXmgn-ep-]-I-c-W-§Ä ssIImcyw
sN¿p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kuI-cy-§Ä XS-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ]n¶oSv Xoc-{]-tZ-i-t¯¡v
Sqdn-Ìp-Isf kzmKXw sN¿p-¶-Xn-eqsS Hcp ]pXnb PohnX ssienbpw kwkv¡m-chpw
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶p. BXy-´n-I-ambn CXv cmjv{So-b-]-chpw km¼-¯nI ]c-hp-amb Hcp
Xnc-sª-Sp-¸m-Wv. F¶m CXnsâ kmaq-ln-Ihpw ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-hp-amb A\-´-c-^-e-§Ä
hn\m-i-I-c-am-bn-cn¡pw F¶Xv XÀ¡-aä hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.
\b-]-c-amb iq\yX
Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm-\s¯ t\cn-Sm-\pÅ {]hÀ¯\ X{´-§Ä Bhn-jv¡-cn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v tIcf
kÀ¡mÀ ho¼p ]d-bp-¶p-v. IÀ½ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS IcSp tcJ-bn C{]-Imcw ImWmw:
""khn-tij {]-iv\-§Ä Xncn-¨-dnªv Ah-bv¡p-Nn-X-amb ]cn-lmc {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä
Bkq-{XWw sN¿m³ Cu tcJ \nÀt±-in-¡p¶p.
Imem-hØm amä-¯nsâ Gähpw apJy-amb BLmXw `qþ-Pe hn`-h-§-fp-ambn
_Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m Ahsb \nco-£n-¡m-\pÅ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-¯n-\mWv {]mY-anI
ap³K-W-\. IqSmsX GXv X{´-§Ä Bkq-{XWw sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw BtKm-f-X-e-¯nepw {]mtZ-inI
Xe¯nepw e`y-am-Ip¶ hnh-c-§Ä hni-I-e-\-hn-t[-b-am-t¡--Xp-v. Imem-hØm
hyXn-bm-\-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ tZiob IÀ½-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsS XXz-§Ä {]Imcw km¼-¯n-Ihpw
]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-hp-amb e£y-§-fn-te¡v IpXn-t¡-Xv kpØn-c-amb Hcp hnI-k-\-¯nsâ ]mX
ssIh-cn-¨p-sIm-m-IWw F¶m-Wv.'' henb hm¡p-Ifpw al-¯mb Bi-b-hp-amWv
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶m Cu hmN-I-aSn F{X-am{Xw
{]tbm-K-]-Y-¯n-se¯n¨p F¶ tNmZyw Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶p. kwØm-\s¯ lcnXKrl hmXI
DZvK-a-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« ASn-Øm\ ØnXnhnh-c-¡-W-¡p-IÄt]mepw tiJ-cn-¡m-\pÅ {ia-§Ä
\S-¶n-«n-Ã. hn\n-a-b-¯nsâ Xe-¯n DtZym-KØ kwhn-[m-\hpw {]mtZ-inI P\-k-aq-lhpw
X½n \ne-\n¡p¶ hnShv BWv {]hÀ¯-\-am-µy-¯nsâ {][m\ ImcWw; AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ \oXn
\ntj-[-¯nsâ ASn-Øm\ Imc-W-hpw.
[2] Climate
Institute, 'Climate Justice Movements' http://www.climate.org/climatelab/Climate_Justice_Movements
[3] Gopakumar C.S, Impacts
of Climate variability on Agriculture in Kerala, Cochin
University of Science and Technology, October 2011
[4] Garg et al., 2001;
IPCC, 2001; Krupa, 2003; Aggarwal, 2003; Rao, 2011, quoted in Gopakumar C.S, Impacts
of Climate variability on Agriculture in Kerala, Cochin
University of Science and Technology, October 2011
[5] Gopakumar C.S, Impacts of Climate variability on Agriculture
in Kerala, Cochin University of Science and Technology,
October 2011
[7] Sumana,
Climate change and Fisheries, Pipal Tree, Bangalore ,
2013
[8] E. Vivekanandan, CMFRI Newsletter 112:
Oct-Dec 2006; http://203.200.148.2/cdhome/Newsletter/Number_112_2006
[9] Impact of
Anthropogenic Activities on Coastal Marine Environment and Fisheries, study initiated by CMFRI, 2007
[10] Impact and yield study of
climate change on the small pelagic fishes, study initiated by CMFRI, 2007
[11] http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_SPM.pdf
[12] Naomi Klein, The
Shock Doctrine, Penguin Books, 2007
No comments:
Post a Comment